Communicating with deaf and hearing impaired children can be difficult, and children with hearing impairment will often have some degree of speech and language delay. There are a number of ways to help children develop their speech and language skills, but their progress will depend on several factors:
• How hearing impaired is the child?
• What are the wishes of the parents?
• What is child’s first language (sign or spoken)?
• Does the child have hearing aids or a cochlear implant?
• What type of school the child attends (deaf or hearing)?
Sign Language
If your child is part of the deaf community and you are also deaf, it is possible that he/she may not follow an “oral / aural” route of language development and use sign language. Sign language is a proper language encompassing a wide vocabulary and grammatical structure and also involving facial expression. Individual countries have their own signs and often areas in a single country will have some regional differences (like having a local dialect or accent).
Aided Hearing
Other children with hearing aids or cochlear implants may follow an oral / aural route and have auditory training and learn speech sounds. There are different approaches to help with speech and language development. An effective habilitation and treatment for many cochlear implant wearers is Auditory-Verbal therapy. This approach focuses on listening and sound awareness as this is the most natural and efficient way that children learn speech. Auditory–Verbal therapy takes advantage of every possible opportunity to listen and learn through the day, using the child’s environment as a learning tool.
Children with mild to moderate losses may require more conventional speech therapy, although will benefit from some sound awareness and auditory discrimination activities.
Although not encouraged with auditory-verbal therapy, some children with severe hearing loss and standard hearing aids may also learn some sign language alongside some speech activities.
Changing the communication environment at home and school
As well as helping the deaf child to communicate, everyone around the child must also have a heightened awareness of their own communication and the communication environment. As communicators with deaf children we must be aware of a number of our own behaviours, including facing the hearing impaired child when communicating, talking clearly so they can see our lip patterns, and when needed, using gesture, sign or visuals to help (with auditory-verbal therapy, you may actually not follow some of these processes, as you are trying to teach the child to listen and discriminate). We must also pay attention to the environment and communicate in an area that is well lit and where there is less background noise. There are many things we, and those around us, can do to make life easier when communication with someone with hearing loss:
Top 10 tips to help communication with a deaf or hearing impaired child
There are many things we, and those around us, can do to make life easier when hearing impairment occurs:
- If your child has hearing difficulties and is older and able, encourage them to explain to new people that they have difficulties with hearing. This will allow others to compensate for, and understand their difficulties.
- Avoid important discussions with your child when you are in an environment with lots of environmental background noise, or background noise at home (e.g. the washing machine or the TV is on).
- Look at the child when you talk to them, often facial expressions and lip movement can give your child lots of cues to tune into certain words.
- If you are talking to a child with hearing impairment, speak clearly (but not exaggerated) and use your hands to gesture (or sign) and add cues and give meaning.
- Encourage your child to wear their hearing aid and look after it. It is a complex piece of equipment and needs care and maintenance. When your child first starts using a hearing aid, they may find it a strange sensation and it may take a while to get used to. Encourage them to persist with wearing the aid because they will get used to it and see the benefits.
- Investigate local support groups and government funding options to find out about hearing impairment support services and funding for aids, services and equipment.
- Investigate what other equipment is available to help with hearing impairment such as vibrating alarm clocks, enhanced doorbells, services to help with the telephone calls etc.
- If your child can read use the subtitles option when watching films and television. Most DVDs now come with a subtitles option.
- At school make sure the teacher is aware of your child’s difficulties and has an understanding of hearing impairment – just because your child has a hearing aid, does not mean they are hearing like other children in the classroom. Students with hearing impairment need modifications to the environment, and teachers need to change their style of teaching to accommodate students with hearing problems.
- Consider an FM system in the classroom which provides the teacher with a microphone that is linked to the student’s hearing aid. Make sure the teacher is trained in the use of this system and when to use it.
The deaf community
It is important to note that the deaf community has a very strong identity and many do not feel deafness is an impairment. They have their own language (sign language – legally recognized in many countries) and social networks. Many people in the deaf community feel that there is an ethical issue with cochlear implants (see the previous section), because the young child is not given a choice to be part of the deaf community. Anyone wanting to work with hearing impaired children should spend time within the deaf community to learn about their culture.
To read more about deafness and treatments click here to go to our Hearing Impairment section, or go to our Resources Centre and see our free printable fact sheets about hearing impairment and deafness.
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